Seismic monitoring plays a fundamental role in mitigating hazards near volcanoes, where thousands of earthquakes can occur each day during periods of unrest. These events produce a diverse range of seismic signals, and the detection of the initial primary (P-) and secondary/shear (S-) wave arrivals forms the basis of most seismic processing tasks undertaken to determine earthquake locations, magnitudes and source parameters. Read more

Since its first formulation in 1964, the so-called “big jump principle” (BJP) of extreme value statistics has played an important role in fields such as large deviation theory and financial mathematics. For heavy-tailed distributions, the principle considers N independent and identically distributed (IID) random variables, and links the statistics of the sum of these variables and of their maximum value. Read more

The study of random matrices finds many important applications in physics, mathematics, biology, statistics and finance, as random matrix ensembles offer simple but nontrivial models of strongly correlated systems. Read more

Many distinct physical factors help trigger earthquakes, among them the loading of the earth’s crust by water. Many studies have demonstrated a seasonal modulation of seismicity linked to water forcing in volcanic areas, plate boundary zones and other regions. Read more

Probabilistic earthquake forecasts estimate the spatial and/or temporal evolution of seismicity and offer practical guidance to authorities during earthquake sequences, especially following notable earthquakes. Read more